For generations, the heirs of the 20th US president shared stories about his extraordinary achievements but seldom discussed his violent end. We understood what had happened, that he was gunned down in a railway depot,” notes one of his modern descendants. “We read about the story in publications but, for various reasons, we just passed over it quickly.”
This transformed in 2011 with the publication of Destiny of the Republic, which generated attention in Garfield's unfinished life. The book has now led to a television production titled the presidential series, including Michael Shannon as the national leader and Matthew Macfadyen as the unstable individual who shot him.
The series aims to shine a light on Garfield, who emerged from difficult circumstances to the highest office during the Gilded Age only to become a casualty to its toxic political divisions. His tenure was cut short after only 200 days not only by the assassin's bullet but by medical malpractice – an incident now largely forgotten while the assassinations of the Civil War president and JFK continue to fascinate the public.
“You can't help but be proud what he did. He was a true polymath: he was a attorney, he was a minister, he was a farmer. He was multiple professions which also influenced his personality and his behavior and the complete story about him the relatives maintain with us.”
Garfield was the most recent commander-in-chief born in a log cabin in Cuyahoga County in 1831. His parent passed away when he was just a toddler, leaving his mom, Eliza, to support a large family in challenging conditions. An dedicated student, Garfield worked on canal boats to generate income for an formal learning.
He learned legal principles, was entered the clergy, became head of a school in Ohio and was a political representative. In 1858 he entered matrimony with a former classmate, his future wife, with whom he would have seven children. An ardent Unionist, Garfield viewed the civil war as a moral battle against slavery and rose to the officer status.
“During my investigation, I couldn't believe it. He was remarkably smart. He was fearless. He was very progressive for the period. He was compassionate. He was a good person and would have been one of our great presidents had he remained alive.”
Garfield was persuaded by the wartime leader to depart military life when he was elected to the House of Representatives, where he would work as a Republican for 17 years. He was strong supporter of African American voting rights, viewing it as a matter of justice and the completion of a conflict agreement.
“His oration on the legislative arena will move you deeply. He was an incredibly powerful orator and this topic was extremely significant to him.”
At the party gathering in Chicago the faction was fundamentally fractured between the “Stalwarts”, led by an influential figure, who supported a third term for Ulysses S Grant, and the “opposing faction”, who supported another candidate. Garfield attended as a supporter of his close associate John Sherman.
When the huge assembly was stalled between Grant and Blaine, party members began searching for a solution. Garfield's emotional address proposing Sherman caught their attention. During the speech, he reportedly declared, “And now, delegates, what do we want?” to which a voice from the crowd unexpectedly replied, “We want Garfield!”
On the 36th ballot, a stampede of delegates made Garfield the shocking choice. To satisfy the Stalwart faction, another politician, a Conkling loyalist from New York, was chosen as his vice president. In the presidential race Garfield beat the opposing candidate to become the sole representative of the House ever to be selected for the highest office.
“His possible achievements and what is remarkably uncommon and maybe particular about the American presidency is he didn't want the job. It's not that he had completely dismissed it but he was thrust into it.”
The major battle of Garfield's short presidency was his confrontation with Conkling over the “spoils system”. Conkling insisted on authority over federal patronage in New York, particularly the influential position of Collector of the Port of New York. Garfield refused, stating the issue was “whether the president is registering clerk of the senate or the executive of the United States”. He nominated a rival of Conkling to the post.
The dispute became a public battle but Garfield defeated Conkling in the Senate. Experiencing a humiliating public defeat, Conkling and his colleague left their positions in protest. The next day, Garfield's selection was approved. It was a historic triumph for the presidential control over the political organization and for the change movement over “political control”.
But even as Garfield confronted influential people of his party, he was being pursued by a disturbed and delusional man who exemplified the negative aspect of the patronage system. Charles Guiteau was a drifter with a history of career disappointments, emotional issues and childhood trauma. He had failed as a legal professional, debt recovery agent, minister and member of a free-love commune.
“He was emotionally unstable and his particular brand of madness was false belief. He always believed that divine selection for importance. He actually had more privileged beginning than Garfield but where Garfield progressed and improved, Guiteau was unsuccessful in all endeavors.”
But Guiteau believed he had eventually located a route to achievement: politics. Carried away in the events of the political contest, he created and presented an minor oration, and became convinced in his own mind that he was single-handedly responsible for Garfield's victory.
Under this thinking, Guiteau reckoned he had earned a high-level government job. He journeyed to DC and relentlessly pestered Garfield, Blaine and other authorities, insisting to be made the foreign service officer — a position for which he had zero qualifications. He became such a problem that he was eventually excluded from the White House.
On that fateful day, just several weeks into his presidency, Garfield was leaving Washington for his college reunion. As he walked through the Baltimore & Potomac Railroad station, Guiteau stepped from the shadows, withdrew an weapon from his clothing and fired multiple rounds in the back.
Garfield exclaimed: “My God, what is this?” and fell on the depot ground. When a {police officer|law
Giornalista freelance con 10 anni di esperienza, specializzata in divulgazione scientifica e innovazione tecnologica.